Capital - Lima (the largest city)

Official language(s): Spanish

Ethnic groups: 45% Amerindian, 37% Mestizo, 15% European, 3% African, Asian,
Demonym, Peruvian

Government Presidential Republic:
- President Alan García
- Vice President Luis Giampietri
- Prime Minister Javier Velásquez
- President of Congress Luis Alva Castro

Independence from Spain:
- Declared July 28, 1821
- Consolidated December 9, 1824
- Recognized August 14, 1879

Area:
- Total 1,285,216 km2 (20th)
496,225 sq mi
- Water (%) 8.8

Population:
- 30 June 2010 estimate 29,461,933

Currency: Nuevo Sol (PEN)